The predictive value of universal preschool developmental assessment in identifying children with later educational difficulties: A systematic review

Background Developmental delay affects substantial proportions of children. It can generally be identified in the pre-school years and impact on children’s educational outcomes, which turn may affect outcomes across life span. High income countries increasingly assess children for developmental early years, as part universal child health programmes, however there is little evidence to measures best predict later outcomes. This systematic review aims results from current literature hold predictive value, order inform surveillance aspects programmes. Methods Systematic sources: Medline (2000 –current), Embase PsycInfo –current) ERIC –current). Additional searching birth cohort studies was undertaken experts consulted. Eligibility criteria: Included were English peer reviewed papers or books looking at assessment preschool programmes studies, with linked success/difficulties. The study populations limited general aged 0–5 high countries. Study selection, data extraction risk bias carried out by two independent authors any disagreement discussed. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018103111. Results Thirteen inclusion review. highly heterogeneous: age first ranged 1–5 follow-up 4–26 years. Type initial also varied. indicated that, exception one study, most assessments comprised combined progress, such a screening tool alongside teacher ratings histories. Other stand-alone performed adequately, these being Ages Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Latency between measures, measurement, size quality all impacted strength results. Conclusions systematically value population level demonstrated consistent associations relatively poor development difficulties. In general, specificity Negative Predictive Value are high, suggesting that young who perform well unlikely go develop difficulties, sensitivity Positive Values low, indicating would not meet requirements test. For purposes, however, findings suggested provided results, although resource intensive thus difficult implement Health service providers therefore wish consider using shown provide adequate ASQ.